Debt recovery in Romania through litigation can be made through a few different procedural options. Each of them is applicable to different situations.
Low-value claims
This procedure can be applied only for debts that are lower than 10.000 RON (roughly 2000 euros). It consists of a very simplified judgment, based primarily on a written procedure.
The judicial tax is very low in this procedure and ranges from 50 to 200 RON.
The evidence that the claim will have to be based on are mainly documents. Other types of evidence can only be used if absolutely necessary.
This procedure cannot be applied to debts that are owed in relation to a few specific matters. These are matters of inheritance, insolvency, renting contracts for real estate, employment, and a few others.
Debt Recovery through Payment Ordinance
This procedure has the advantage to be faster than regular litigation procedures. However, this comes at the cost of not being allowed to use any other evidence than documents and statements.
Furthermore, this procedure is only allowed for debts that are generated by contracts or other agreements assumed by both parties in a written form. Further exceptions are provisioned by the law.
Regular Litigation Procedure
In addition to the two specific procedures describe above, there is also a standard litigation procedure. It applies to any type of debt that is excluded from the ones above, either because of the amount or because of its source. It can also be used because of the necessity to use more complex means of proof.
The regular procedure is usually more time-consuming, the judicial taxes stand roughly at 3% of the value of the debt in the first court and another half that in the appeal phase. This comes with the advantage to be applicable to any type of debt, regardless of its quantum, its source, and the required evidence to prove its existence.
If you need more information about this subject, you can contact us at any time and we will be glad to answer any questions that you may have.