If you’ve been the victim of a crime in Romania, you may be entitled to financial compensation — either from the offender or directly from the Romanian state. Many victims are unaware that even if the criminal is unknown, missing, or insolvent, the law allows you to file a claim for damages in certain cases.
This guide explains who qualifies, what you can claim, and how to start the compensation process in Romania.
Who Can Claim Compensation as a Crime Victim?
Under Romanian law, any person who has suffered harm — physical, psychological, or financial — as a result of a criminal offense may be entitled to compensation.
This includes:
- Victims of violent crimes (e.g. assault, rape, robbery)
- Families of victims in cases of homicide
- Victims of human trafficking, terrorism, or attempted murder
- Individuals who have sustained serious bodily harm or permanent disability
Victims do not need to be Romanian citizens. EU and non-EU nationals may also apply under certain conditions.
Two Paths to Compensation in Romania
1. Civil Damages in Criminal Proceedings
The most common way is to file a civil claim within the criminal trial against the offender. If found guilty, the court may order the defendant to pay damages for:
- Medical bills
- Pain and suffering
- Property loss
- Lost income
- Psychological trauma
Important: The claim must be submitted before the first hearing on the merits. An experienced lawyer can help file it properly and on time.
2. State Compensation for Crime Victims
Romania also provides compensation directly from the Ministry of Justice, when:
- The offender is unknown or cannot pay
- The victim cooperated with authorities
- The crime involved violence or serious harm
Applications must be filed within 3 years of the crime, and processed by the Compensation Commission (Comisia pentru acordarea compensațiilor).
How Much Can You Claim?
The amount of compensation depends on:
- The severity of the injury or trauma
- The impact on your ability to work or live normally
- The proven expenses (medical, legal, psychological)
There is no fixed cap, but compensation from the state is generally lower than civil damages awarded in court.
What Documents Do You Need?
To support your claim, you will usually need:
- Police reports or court decisions
- Medical records and forensic certificates
- Proof of income or financial loss
- Receipts for treatment or psychological support
- Proof of cooperation with investigators
Can Foreigners Claim Victim Compensation in Romania?
Yes. Foreign nationals who are victims of crimes in Romania can apply for compensation, especially if the offense occurred on Romanian territory. There may also be cross-border procedures under EU Directive 2004/80/EC, enabling victims from EU countries to claim from their home state.
Do You Need a Lawyer?
While it’s not mandatory, a lawyer can:
- Ensure all claims are properly filed
- Represent you in court against the defendant
- Handle deadlines and communication with authorities
- Help maximize the amount you can receive
Legal aid may also be available in some cases.
Conclusion
If you are a victim of a serious crime in Romania, you have rights — including the right to financial compensation. Whether through the courts or a state-funded program, it’s possible to recover part of what was lost. Acting early and consulting with a criminal or victim rights lawyer increases your chances of success.
If you need more information about this topic, you can contact us and we will be glad to help.